
Corn came into the report already on the defensive. After running to the $5.30 area in mid-September on Black Sea export disruptions and USDA’s September yield cut to 178.5 bu/ac, December futures broke hard on September 30th when the quarterly Grain Stocks report found 2.095 billion bushels of old-crop corn on hand, 173 million more than USDA had been carrying and roughly 35% above a year ago. December corn lost 21 cents that day and has spent the last week defending the $5.00 level, with a U.S. dollar sitting near a 1.5-year high adding to the pressure. The one supportive factor has been the weather: El Niño-driven rains made September the wettest on record in Lincoln and the second wettest in Des Moines, leaving corn harvest just 23% complete on October 4th, four points behind average, with only 54% of the crop rated good to excellent.
Today’s Crop Production report went the opposite direction of what the market was positioned for. USDA raised the national yield 2.7 bu/ac to 181.2, well above the 177.7 trade average and near the top of the range, lifting production to 16.03 billion bushels, the second-largest crop on record. Record state yields were forecast in Iowa, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and Arkansas. That pushed 2026/27 ending stocks to 1.849 billion bushels, versus 1.670 expected and 1.567 in September. Corn tumbled as much as 30 cents after the release. Many in the trade will question a yield increase in a crop with poor ratings and a slow, wet harvest, and combine results over the next few weeks will either confirm or chip away at this number ahead of the November report.

Soybeans held up far better than corn. USDA raised the yield 0.3 bu/ac to a record 53.1, putting production at a record 4.56 billion bushels, with 2026/27 ending stocks at 315 million bushels, 5 million above September and 10 million above the trade guess. That is mildly bearish, but the balance sheet remains far tighter than corn. Since the last update, the Trump-Xi summit in Washington September 24th-25th extended the U.S.-China trade truce to January 10, 2027, and China has now booked roughly half of its 25 MMT annual purchase commitment. November beans slipped to a four-week low near $12.78 after the summit as the market sold the news, then recovered back above $13 on harvest delays and quality concerns, with harvest only 25% complete as of October 4th, eight points behind average. Export commitments are running nearly double last year’s pace, and record-large crush demand remains the backbone of the complex. Over the next two weeks, watch the mid-October NOPA crush report, the pace of Chinese flash sales, and early Brazilian planting conditions as El Niño develops.


Wheat had a rough September, with Kansas City futures falling more than $1 per bushel as Black Sea grain flows showed marginal improvement and ceasefire talks gained traction. Those talks have since stalled, and wheat appears to have found a short-term bottom near its early-August lows, with December SRW around $6.83 and December KC HRW around $7.36 heading into the report. USDA raised 2026/27 U.S. ending stocks 23 million bushels to 740 million, above the 721 million trade guess, reflecting the larger 1.534 billion bushel crop from last week’s Small Grains Summary and weak export demand. First-quarter shipments were the second lowest in 50 years and the strong dollar is not helping U.S. competitiveness. World stocks were trimmed slightly to 276 MMT, but those numbers are distorted by grain building up behind the closed Black Sea ports. Winter wheat planting was only 27% complete on September 27th, seven points behind average, and emergence in the Plains will be worth watching.


Equity Markets
Equity markets have been range-bound since August, with the S&P 500 trading roughly between 7,620 and 7,800 and testing record highs, though breadth has been thin with fewer stocks participating in the move. Oil back above $90 has kept inflation front and center, and the bond market is increasingly pricing in the possibility of a Fed rate hike rather than a cut. September CPI on October 14th and the October 27th-28th FOMC meeting are the key events ahead. The Mag 7 stocks have helped keep the markets at highs while most stocks are struggling and well below their 52 week highs except in some areas.

Energy Markets
Crude oil has moved sharply higher again as Iranian attacks on tankers in the Strait of Hormuz have been more frequent this month than at any point since the war began in late February. Brent pushed back above $100 on Thursday and WTI traded above $92, with Hurricane Isaias also shutting about a quarter of Gulf of Mexico oil production. Oil eased Friday morning after President Trump cited productive discussions with Iran, and a deal with Russia to release barrels in exchanged for pausing sanctions but the headline risk remains two-sided.

Other News
– Cotton production was raised to 13.44 million bales, well above the 12.97 million trade guess, with 2026/27 U.S. ending stocks at 3.80 million bales versus 3.46 expected. That is a bearish surprise for a market that had been holding near 80 cents in December futures. Producers with unpriced bales should be weighing downside protection while keeping some upside participation.
– Sovecon cut its forecast for Russian 2026/27 grain exports to 44.7 MMT from 49.4 MMT and warned that Azov and Black Sea ports may remain shut into 2027, keeping a structural question mark over world wheat and corn supplies.
– Key dates ahead: weekly Crop Progress reports every Monday, September CPI on October 14th, NOPA crush in mid-October, the FOMC meeting October 27th-28th, and the November WASDE.
Drought Monitor
Here is the most recent drought monitor with harvest rolling.


Contact an Ag Specialist Today
Whether you’re a producer, end-user, commercial operator, RCM AG Services helps protect revenues and control costs through its suite of hedging tools and network of buyers/sellers — Contact Ag Specialist Brady Lawrence today at 312-858-4049 or blawrence@rcmam.com.





















































